By Dr Argirios Argiriou, GP, Dagkli 4, Kavala, 654 03, Greece, www.argiriou.se
Reference: Anatomy as a basis for Clinical Medicine, by E.C.B. Hall-Cragss 1985
The vertebral column is composed by 33 vertebrae. The upper 7 are named cervical vertebrae, the next 12 are thoracic vertebrae and bear ribs, and below these are the 5 lumbar vertebrae. The fifth lumbar vertebra is followed by 5 fused vertebrae which form the sacrum. A variable number (3-5) of fused vestigial caudal or coccygeal vertebrae complete the vertebral column.
C7 Spine of C7 vertebra prominens. C7 is usually the first vertebra that can be palpated.
T4 - 5 Synchondros manubriosternalis
T8 Inferior angle of scapula, Synchondros xiphosternalis
T9 - 10 Processus Xiphoideus
T12 Truncus Coeliacus ( common strain for A. Gastrica sinistra, A. Hepatica Communis, A. Lienalis.
L1 Transpyloric plane (in the middle of pylorus and pancreas), Arteria Mesenterica Superior
McBurney's point Although variable in position, the surface projection of the base of the appendix is classically described as lying at the junction of the lateral and middle thirds of a line joining the anterior superior iliac spine with umbilicus.
L4 Top of iliac crest, The division of abdominal aorta.
Anatomical Landmarks of the skull:
Vertex The highest point of the skull.
Pterion Frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal bone. Where these bones approximate to each other (very vulnerable point). This is also the surface marking of the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery and the anterior end of the lateral sulcus of the brain.
Nasion The junction of the frontal and nasal bones.
Inion The most prominent posterior projection of the occipital bone.
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